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There are different types of computer attacks that websites or servers suffer all the time. One very simple but that bears its fruits is the so-called brute force attack. Here we will show you how they steal a key by trying all possible combinations until they find the one that allows access. The intention is to show you how these …

A distributed system is defined as a collection of computers connected by a network, and with the appropriate distributed software so that the system is seen by users as a single entity capable of providing computing facilities. Distributed systems are implemented on various hardware platforms, from a few workstations connected by a local area network, to the Internet, with a …

Whenever we connect to a service on the Internet, be it a website, a mail server, a remote terminal server, or any other service, we usually do so by invoking a domain name. In this article we will talk about the domain name system, or DNS (Domain Name System), and its operation. Now, every connection between us and any service …

We call the candidate key of a relation (or simply key) to the attribute or set of attributes that have the property of uniquely identifying a tuple within the relation. The keys are the basic tuple level addressing mechanism in a relational system, that is, it is the only way, guaranteed by the system, to locate a specific tuple. Let’s …

Perhaps one of the most used numbering systems in the world is the binary code, because although it is true that the numbering system that we usually use is the decimal system, the binary code is used by computers and by all devices computers for everyday use. It is for this reason, that this binary language is very important for …

The concept of functional dependence appears in several contexts of mathematics and logic and refers to certain mathematical entities can be expressed as mathematical functions of other entities. The concept of functional dependence is a generalization of the concept of linear dependence. It is said that a set of functions is functionally dependent when there is a functional relationship between …